Surface
Irrigation
 Surface
irrigation includes four types of irrigation. What these irrigation methods have
in common are that they all use gravity and the field itself to direct and
distribute the water. When water is applied to the field, it flows across the
entire field, in either a direct or an indirect way.
Water from the
irrigation may run off the field or pond on its surface. The time between the
end of the advance and when the inflow is cut off is called the wetting or
ponding phase. After application of the water has stopped the remaining water
will either run off or soak into the field.
There are
four major types of surface irrigation:
-
basin
irrigation
-
border
irrigation
-
furrow
irrigation
-
uncontrolled
flooding
The primary
areas of water loss in surface irrigation are: surface
runoff, deep
percolation and evaporation.
 
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