Many features make Red Rock Coulee a special site to visit. Bedrock is close to the surface in this area, covered by only a thin layer of soil. Water erosion has carved the landscape over time and a badlands topography has formed in places. The bands of colour visible in the exposed bedrock are made of dark gray shales, greenish and gray sandstones, clays and thin bands of ironstone.
The most amazing features of this landscape are the round reddishboulders. These are sandstone concretions (rounded mineral masses) and at up to 2.5metres in diameter, they are among the largest in the world. The boulders were formed in prehistoric seas as layers of sand, calcite and iron oxide collected around a nucleus formed by shells, leaves or bones. The concretions grew larger as the circulating waters deposited more layers. The reddish colour comes from iron oxide. Look carefully at them - you may be able to see their "growth rings" (layers of sediment deposition) and fossilized shells, leaves or bones.
On the uplands above the coulees, grasslands contain colourful wildflowers such as prairie crocus and yellow umbrella plant and provide homes for the Richardson's ground squirrel. Sagebrush, juniper and cactus grow on the coulee walls. Some of the species that have adapted well to the harsh, dry conditions of Red Rock Coulee include the wite-tailed jackrabbit, mule deer, pronghorn, prairie rattlesnake, bullsnake, eastern short-horned lizard and scorpion. Prairie falcon, western meadowlark, Sprague's pipit, longspurs and rock wren are among the birds sighted.
A visit to Red Rock Coulee Natural Area is a great opportunity to observe unusual geological features and prairie plants and animals. There are picnic tables and pit toilets available. You are in rattlesnake country here, so proceed with caution while hiking. Wet weather may make walking conditions very slippery on the clay surface of the coulees. Please do not drive motorized vehicles into the Natural Area. The vegetation and soils can be damaged very easily.
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