The following entries give an overview of the various
customs relating to courtship; obviously they are not
exhaustive. Among all groups a bride-price was paid by the
young suitor, and once the bargain was made, she went with
him. However, if the young man could not afford the price
for his bride, he could remain with his bride's family and
'work out' the cost by turning everything of his labour,
hunting, etc., over to his father-in-law until sufficient
had been paid. Then he could move his wife anywhere he
wished. The first quotation applies to Algonquian-speaking
peoples, the second to Athapaskan-speakers, and the third to
both.
Various customs relating to courtship and marriage
exist among the Indian Tribes. Some have definite
ceremonies and others are devoid of any religious
ceremonial. Some of the Algonkian youths, charmed with
the lovely countenance of a ducky maiden, seek to win
her good graces by acts of kindness and bravery which
are easily interpreted, and the way is made smooth for
interceding with the parents by means of gifts for her
heart and hand. In some tribes, courtship is not once
thought of, and the marriage ceremony is a simple
bargain between the young man and the parents of the
maiden, or between the parents of both. It is simply
marriage by purchase, the amount given being according
to the abilities and personal accomplishments of the
lady. A gun or horse will buy one, and others will not
sell for less than five horses. As marriage is thus
easily arranged for, so divorce is easily accomplished
(Maclean 1892: 39-40)
When he again came wooing, if she still favoured
his suit, she prepared food and gave him of it to eat.
If she desired to become his wife she made and decorated
a pair of moccasins and gave them to him. If he
immediately in her presence put the moccasins on his
feet, they two were considered as betrothed to each
other. After this the eldest nearest kin of the man
visited the guardians of the woman and together they
determined the price that should be paid for the woman.
The standard price as six buffalo skins of their
equivalent in value. But if the woman was very
industrious and hospitable this price might be
increased" (Walker 51).
It is somewhat ironic that Chipewyan men purchase
‘love medicine,’ ‘love magic’ or ‘love potions’ from
Cree specialists to attract women, often a specific
woman in their own community, and to facilitate a sexual
encounter. These love medicines are employed without a
woman’s knowledge and, if properly used, are believed to
have an irresistible compelling effect that can last for
years. This kind of sexual deception between members of
the same community does not have the serious overtones
of an abduction by outsiders. Yet, it is something
regarded as immoral, repugnant, and potentially
dangerous by Chipewyan women (Jarvenpa 295).
|