The area that concerns marriage and other
social forms is called relational law in this treatise.
Nature’s Laws provide evidence that the notion of
relationship is fundamental to Indigenous notions of law…to
be connected is the sole means of comprehending one's
identity. Being 'connected' is therefore a larger
word than Western notions of kinship.
Traditionally one was connected to both one's human
ancestors as well as to one’s clan’s ancestors, that is, to
the animal and 'natural' world around one; beyond
that, one was connected to one's extended family through
culturally and blood-line constructed kinship systems, to
one's visionary or dream helpers spirits, and to the clan
societies to which one belonged. Some elements of spiritual
identity may have only been known to a very few holy people,
who were the counselors of the youth as they matured and had
visionary experiences that were then interpreted by them.
They also were knowledgeable of family histories, and could
render the oral history of a feud or vendetta when needed
regarding a certain family. Essentially the belief was that
unbalanced acts ‘caused’ reciprocal imbalance in the
community, so every destructive act had to be mediated for
the good of all.
A number of areas impinge on this category of Indigenous
understanding. Let us look at the Cree example: kinship
systems, family relationships, ‘kiciniskehk’ law or 'sacred
power' law (ritual law), making things 'right,'
systems of responsibility, respect, consent, reciprocity,
etc.
Generally speaking, in Cree, the word wahkohtowin
expresses the notion of an overarching law of respect and
belonging. One belongs, first and foremost, to the sacred
order of things laid down by the first Creator. One also
belongs as a member of the family of the first ancestor, so
the word could equally be used to describe ‘descendant.’
Hence, human society is part of the order of nature, and the
laws of the natural world apply to them and traditional
teaching had it that no moral standard existed that was in
conflict with this 'natural' law. Attending this notion is
that one's place is determined by the structures of ritual,
as well as the structures of human nature – this because one
is made up of emotional, physical, social and spiritual
dimensions, and ritual life provides the unity for them all.
Government is also held to be part of wahkohtowin,
and it is the responsibility of those in power to adhere to
Nature's Law in their dealings with the community. Youth
learn proper conduct from the leadership about this aspect
of Nature's Law…respect, recognition, authority, leadership
power, as well as pride and compassion. Along with this
comes the notion of restraint…if wahkohtowin is not
followed, then the system would be unbalanced, and the
result would be retribution, not just for the initial person
who violated the code, but for all who are implicated in the
event. All these elements had and continue to have linkages
to relationships.
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