Men's Clothing and Footwear Page 1 |
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Trousers were commonly made of cloth
such as wool, but some Métis men wore buckskin or moleskin trousers.
Trousers were often tied at the knee and sometimes at the ankle. Outer
cloth leggings could be worn over trousers and attached to a belt by
buckskin strings. In Paul Kane's 1859 book, Wanderings of an artist
among the Indians of North America, about his wanderings among various
Native groups, he recollects a dance at Fort Edmonton that was held in
1855. At this dance, the men wore cloth caps decorated with feathers and
ribbons, fancy belts and beaded leggings.
In place of wearing belts or braces, many Métis men wore colourful
sashes to hold up their trousers. The sash became a distinguishing
feature of Métis dress. Red sashes were referred as Canada belts, Red
River sashes, or the l'Assomption sash, named after a place in Quebec
where many of them were made. Traditionally, wearing a red sash was
derived from the dress of voyageurs. Sashes were traded throughout North
America. Men had numerous practical reasons for wearing a sash. Pouched
possessions could be hung to a sash. For example, a beaded pipebag could
hold a favourite pipe.
A sash could act as a tumpline, a word that is derived from
Algonquian (tump). A tumpline is a sling that can be slung over the
forehead or shoulders and used for carrying objects or for supporting a
backpack. Also, when required, a sash could be used as a rope or even a
dog harness. The sash continues to be an important Métis symbol in
contemporary Canada. Similar to the "Order of Canada", the Métis have
the "Order of the Sash", which acknowledges individual Métis who have
made outstanding contributions to their people and country.
Blue blanket capotes (hooded coats) were worn, especially in cooler
temperatures, with a sash tied at the man's waist. Another favourite top
coating was a jacket with brass buttons. Some Métis men wore broad,
often ornamented belts that crossed their chests and backs. These
crossed belts allowed the wearer to attach powder horns and beaded shot
pouches. Shotguns, rifles, and knives were generally carried in sheaths
(covers). The sheaths protected their weapons but they were almost
always decorated to provide esthetic pleasure.
Commonly, Métis tripmen (men who rowed York boats), freighters, and
buffalo hunters wore leather shirts that were often decorated by wives
or craftswomen to reflect the individual's character.
Other types of shirts were brightly patterned or striped. A
well-dressed Métis man wore a fichu or cravat around his neck. While
waistcoats were a European fashion, Métis women embellished them with
leather embroidery or finely detailed beading.
Métis women's use of floral embroidery and floral beadwork was a
European influence. Nuns taught Métis women floral embroidery
techniques. Nuns also painted urns full of flowers on church and mission
columns. Sioux and Cree women were so taken with this technique they
began to call Métis women 'flower-beadwork people'.
Besides wearing fur or beaded skin hats, Métis men wore top hats and
broad rimmed felt hats which Métis women decorated. In the mid-1800s,
writer P.F. Tytler vividly described how Métis men wore their hats.
…Their heads are decked with hats, caps, bonnets and
nightcaps, or nature's own covering, all of which are covered
profusely with tinsel hat cords, gold and silver tinsel tassels,
ribbons of every hue in the rainbow, and a good many more that the
rainbow never displayed.
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