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Prohibition

Prohibition is the banning of the production, transportation, sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages. Social reform groups including the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), the Anti-prohibitionists representing hotel keepers, labour unions and other groups who either benefitted from the sale of liquor or were unwilling to give up drinking were less united and influential. The Alberta government averted pressure from both sides by passing direct legislation by initiative and referendum in 1913. Under the new law, groups who received enough signatures on a petition such as to legislate prohibition could force the government to hold a referendum on the issue. The WCTU, UFWA, AT&MRL; and other prohibition advocates accomplished this in 1915, after soliciting signatures from throughout the province. On July 21, 1915, Alberta's all-male electorate voted sixty-one percent in favour of prohibition, and on July 1, 1916, the consumption of alcohol for beverage purposes was outlawed in the province.

Despite its initial popularity, prohibition proved difficult to enforce. Drinks containing two percent or less alcohol and those prescribed for medicinal, scientific or sacramental purposes were permitted. The use of alcoholic drinks for these purposes came to be widely interpreted. Furthermore, until 1918, liquor could be transported into and outside the province. The Alberta Provincial Police (APP) were then created to enforce the ban on the importation and manufacture of liquor. In response, "rumrunners" and "moonshiners" came up with new ways to elude the APP. The public, many who purchased alcoholic drinks from these underground traders, were unlikely to cooperate with the police in bringing them to justice.

Prohibition in Alberta finally ended in 1923 when the United Farmers of Alberta government took over control of the sale of liquor. The Alberta Liquor Control Board continued to operate until 1993, when the Progressive Conservatives privatized this retail sector.